Signals Intelligence and ESM

There is an undeniable relationship between EW and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT), which can lead to confusion and misinterpretation. The relationship between EW and SIGINT in the most part is relevant only to ESM. SIGINT comprises of 2 main elements: Communications Intelligence (COMINT) and Electronic Intelligence (ELINT). In simple terms and to a large extent, COMINT and ELINT mirror the EW functional areas of CESM and RESM. Generally, EW is conducted by the military, using military equipment and for military purposes on military operations, whereas SIGINT is generally undertaken by intelligence organisations. Intelligence organisations are usually a combination of military and civilian personnel and their SIGINT missions can be undertaken outside the scope of military operations. SIGINT is normally more strategic in nature, and source protection is a major factor in classification levels. EW is tactical, however there is normally a vital need for SIGINT support to military operations and therefore the relationship between both needs to be understood and taken into consideration during all planning phases on operations.

COMINT and ELINT data provide much of the information needed for successful prosecution of EW, for example emitter databases. Furthermore, the use of commercial communications technology developed for military use means that SIGINT and EW are frequently engaged in technically similar target arrays. Most nations now have close links and robust communications between the 2 disciplines.