Communications ESM and Non-Communications ESM

ESM is split into 2 divisions:
• Communications ESM (CESM). The Command and Control (C2) of any force and its weapons systems requires a substantial amount of information exchange between HQ staffs and its subordinate and superior formations. Similarly, combat and support units depend on flexible communications for the co-ordination and execution of its missions. That division of ESM that looks to exploit an adversary’s communications to determine, strengths, dispositions, capabilities, intentions and reactions is referred to as Communications ESM (CESM).
• RADAR ESM (RESM). RADAR is a crucial element of offensive and defensive weapon systems, in particular Surface to Air Missiles, Air to Air Missiles, Anti-Air Missiles, Air to Air Missiles, Air to Surface/Ship Missiles and Battlefield Surveillance. Exploitation of an adversary’s use of RADAR can provide vital information to support the commander’s Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR). ESM sensors can locate and determine the type of RADAR being used, which is a good indication of the type of unit using it and the level of formation. This is because certain RADARs are often uniquely associated with individual weapon systems or platforms that operate at a certain level of command. This is particularly useful in establishing the adversary’s EOB. Additionally, intercept and analysis of adversary Air Defence RADARs allows information to be collated, which ensures own and friendly aircraft have current pre-flight programming of their on-board jamming systems, which is a key enabler in the Suppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD). These activities are referred to as RADAR ESM (RESM). It should also be noted that RESM can be used for passive Air Defence when searching for and tracking airborne RADARs. The ESM sensors will not be susceptible to adversary EW and can therefore be used during those Emission Control (EMCON) states that prohibit use of active EW.